This dragon-tail restaurant floor was created with Butterfield Elements Water- based Stains, including Cordovan Leather for the floor and Verdigris for the dragon tail.

It's imperative that you don't seal too quickly, Sargent says, or you'll just capture the moisture. "Just because it feels dry doesn't mean it is dry."

On new construction, make sure the surface is protected from the likes of electricians or plumbers, says Justin Brazie, product manager for H&C Concrete Coatings. "The other trades disrespect the floor because they think it's going to be covered up. You need to get with the general contractor and make sure he tells the other trades that it's not going to be."

For stains to stick, he explains, the concrete has to be bare. "Even if someone spills pop on the floor and wipes it up, when you come in and spray that spill will jump out at you." The same goes for pencil marks, chalk, burn marks or even silicone spray.

"If a floor is too beat up," Brazie adds, "you can always throw down an overlay. But that will make the job more involved."

According to Sullivan, three key factors need to come together for a successful staining job: porosity, penetration and adhesion. "The surface needs to be porous or there's nowhere for the stain to go. If it's troweled too tight or the surface is contaminated, there is no penetration. The stain just sits on the surface. And if there's no penetration, you won't get any adhesion."

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